Série d'exercices

Les Structures Conditionnelles

 

 

La structure de contrôle conditionnelle permet à un programme de modifier son traitement en fonction d’une condition

Il existe 4 formes d’instructions conditionnelles :

1/ Forme simple réduite :

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[Init] Si condition 

                   Alors

                         Instruction1

                         Instruction2

                         - - - - - - -

                         Instructionn

        FinSi

instructions d'initialisations

Si condition   

              Alors

                     Instruction1

                     Instruction2
                       - - - - - - -

                     Instructionn

FinSi

Instructions d'initialisations;

IF condition

               Then

                     Begin

                             Instruction1;

                             Instruction2;

                              - - - - - - -

                             Instructionn ;

                      End;

 

 

2/ Forme alternative :

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[Init] Si condition 

                   Alors

                         Instruction11

                         Instruction12

                         - - - - - - -

                         Instruction1n

                   Sinon

                         Instruction11

                         Instruction12

                         - - - - - - -

                         Instruction1n

 

         FinSi

instructions d'initialisations

Si condition   

                   Alors

                         Instruction11

                         Instruction12

                         - - - - - - -

                         Instruction1n

                   Sinon

                         Instruction11

                         Instruction12

                         - - - - - - -

                         Instruction1n

 

FinSi

Instructions d'initialisations;

IF condition

               Then

                     Begin

                             Instruction11;

                             Instruction12;

                              - - - - - - -

                             Instruction1n ;

                      End

               Else

                     Begin

                             Instruction21;

                             Instruction22;

                              - - - - - - -

                             Instruction2n ;

                      End;

 

 

Lorsque l’évaluation de la condition produit la valeur :

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[Init] Si condition 

                   Alors

                       [Init] Si condition 

                                     Alors

                                           Instruction11

                                               -

                                               -

                                           Instruction1n

                                      Sinon

                                           Instruction21

                                                - 

                                                -

                                               Instruction2n

                               FinSi

                            Instruction31

                                 -                                   

                                 -

                           Instruction3n

                   Sinon

                         [Init] Si condition 

                                       Alors

                                            Instruction41

                                                 -    

                                                 -

                                            Instruction4n

                                        Sinon

                                            Instruction51

                                                  -

                                                  -

                                            Instruction5n

                                    FinSi

                         Instruction51

                                 -                                   

                                 -

                         Instruction5n

         FinSi

Init
Si
condition 

         Alors

               Init
 
               Si condition 

                      Alors

                           Instruction11

                                 - 

                                 -

                           Instruction1n

                      Sinon

                           Instruction21

                                 -

                                 -

                           Instruction2n

                 FinSi

               Instruction31

                      -                                  

                      -

               Instruction3n

        Sinon

               Init
                Si condition 

                      Alors

                           Instruction41

                                 - 

                                 -

                           Instruction4n

                      Sinon

                           Instruction51

                                 -

                                 -

                           Instruction5n

                 FinSi

               Instruction61

                     -                                   

                      -

               Instruction6n

         FinSi

Init;
If
condition 

         then

            Begin

                Init;
 
                If condition 

                     Then

                         Begin

                               Instruction11;

                                      - 

                                      -

                               Instruction1n;

                         End

                     Else

                         Begin

                                Instruction21;

                                 -

                                 -

                                Instruction2n;

                          End;

                 Instruction31;

                      -                                  

                      -

               Instruction3n;

           End

        Sinon

              Begin

                Init;
                 If condition 

                     Then

                         Begin

                               Instruction41;

                                      - 

                                      -

                               Instruction4n;

                         End

                     Else

                         Begin

                                Instruction51;

                                 -

                                 -

                                Instruction5n;

                          End;

                 Instruction61;

                      -                                  

                      -

               Instruction6n;

       End;

 

3/ Forme généralisée:

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[Init] Si condition1

                Alors

                Traitement

           Sinon 

                Si condition2   

                        Alors

                     Traitement2

                        Sinon

                       Si condition

                                    Alors

                               Traitement3

              Sinon

 --------------------

                    Si conditionn-1 

                              Alors

                           Traitementn-1

                              Sinon 

                           Traitementn

                 FinSi

Idem

 

Sauf que les instructions du module Init précèdent celles de la structure conditionnelles

Instructions d'initialisations;

IF condition1   

      Then

            traitement1

     Else 

           IF condition2   

                   Then

              traitement2

                    Else

                        If condition

                                    Then

                               Traitement3

                                     Else

-------------------

                  IF conditionn-1   

                         Then

                                traitementn-1

                          Else 

                                traitementn;

                   End;

 

Seul un traitement est exécuté :

4/ Forme à choix multiple:

 Cette structure évite  l’utilisation  d’une trop longue  structure conditionnelle généralisée et permet une meilleure lisibilité de la solution.

Cette structure ne peut être utilisée que lorsqu’on a une condition testant la relation entre une variable à une constante de type scalaire discret.

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 [Init] Selon  sélecteur  Faire

                      Valeurs1 :  Trait1

Valeurs2 :  Trait2

Valeurs3 :  Trait3

---------------------

Valeursn-1 :  Traitn-1

      Sinon Traitementn

     FinSelon

Idem

 Sauf que les instructions du module Init précèdent celles de la structure conditionnelles

 

Instructions d'initialisations;

Case sélecteur Of 

Valeurs1 :  Trait1;

Valeurs2 :  Trait2;

Valeurs3 :  Trait3;

              -----------------

 Valeursn-1 :  Traitn-1;

     Else    traitementn;

   End;

 

 

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